Showing posts with label Venus. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Venus. Show all posts

February 4, 2021

Cephisa and Cupid

One day as I was straying in the woods of Idalia with the young Cephisa, I stumbled upon Cupid, who lay sleeping on the flowers beneath a few branches of myrtle that gently yielded to the breath of the zephyrs. The little Smiles and Sports, that are ever in his train, had gone to frolic at a distance and he was alone. I had him in my power; his bow and his quiver were at his side and if I had chosen I might have stolen the arms of Cupid. Cephisa seized the bow of the greatest of the gods. She fixed in it an arrow, without my perceiving her and shot it at me. I smiled and said to her.
 
"Take another Cephisa and give me another wound; that is too gentle."

Finding Cupid in the Woods Angelika Kauffman

She was preparing another arrow when it fell upon her foot and she gave a slight cry; it was the heaviest arrow in the quiver of love. She took it up and let it fly at me. It struck me and I was conquered.

"Ah! Cephisa! are you resolved then on my death!"

She drew near to Cupid. "He sleeps soundly," said she, "he is fatigued with shooting his arrows; we must gather flowers and tie his hands and feet."

"Ah! I can never consent to that," said I, "for he has always favoured us."

"I will take his weapons then," said she, "and shoot at him with all my strength."

"But he will awake," said I.

"Let him," she replied, "what can he do but wound us still more?"

"No, no, let him lie there; we will remain near him and we shall feel our flame increase."

Cephisa then took some roses and myrtle leaves: "I will cover him with these," said she "and the Smiles and the Sports will seek for him but will not find him."

She strewed them over him and she laughed to see the little god almost buried. "But why am I trifling?" said she. "I must cut his wings, that there may no longer be any false and fickle men in the world; for the little god flies from heart to heart and plants levity and inconstancy everywhere."

She sat down, she took out her scissors and held with one hand the tips of Love's gilded pinions. I felt my heart shrink for fear.

"Stop, Cephisa."
Cephisa cuts the wings of Love Angelika Kauffman


She heard me not; she cut off the tips of Cupid's wings, let fall her scissors and ran away.
When Cupid awoke he wished to fly, but felt a weight which was new to him. He saw the tips of his wings lying upon the flowers and began to weep.

Jupiter, observing him from the summit of Olympus, sent a cloud which carried him to the palace of Gnidus and laid him in the lap of Venus.

"Mother," said he, "I used to flutter with my wings on your bosom but they have been cut, alas and what will become of me!"

"My son," said the fair Cypris, "do not weep; stay where you are, do not move from my bosom. Its heat will make your pinions grow again; do you not already see that they are longer? Kiss me, they grow, you will soon have them as they were before. Now I see the tips acquiring their golden colour again in another instant enough, fly, fly, my child."

"Yes," said he, "I will venture."

He flew; he lighted at her side but instantly returned to her bosom. He resumed his flight, he settled at a greater distance and again returned to the bosom of Venus. He embraced her, she smiled upon him. He embraced her again and toyed with her. At last he rose into the air, whence he now reigns over all nature.

Cupid, to be revenged of Cephisa, has made her the most fickle of the fair. He makes her burn every day with a new flame. She loved me; she loved Daphnis and now she loves Cleon. Cruel Cupid! It is I you punish. I am willing to suffer for her crime, but may you not have other torments to afflict me with? 

Written by Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (1689-1755) and first published in 1725. Illustrations by Angelika Kauffman (1741–1807).

February 12, 2019

The Love Story of Cupid and Psyche

In the month of love when displays of affection are encouraged especially commercially through the gifting of chocolates, sweets, flowers and Valentine cards. Symbols of love such as the heart, doves or a chubby cherub with wings depicting the god of desire, Cupid (Amor/Eros) is plentiful. Cupid is often portrayed as the son of the goddess Venus and the god Mars. His most memorable appearance in mythology is from the love story of Cupid and Psyche.

In many fairy tales the protagonists meets their love interest near to the end of the story with no real reason to fall madly in love. The tale of Cupid and Psyche is perhaps a little more romantic as it provides evidence and reason for the attraction. Having Greek origins, the earliest record of this tale lies within a Roman novel, Metamorphoses or The Golden Ass by Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis. Published in Latin some time in the latter half of the second century CE. The story goes as follows...

A king and queen have three daughters, all were very lovely but Psyche was the most beautiful. Word traveled throughout the lands of Psyche's unearthly beauty that some even mistook her for the goddess of love, Venus herself. This angered Venus and as punishment, she ordered her son Cupid, whose golden arrows can cause love at first sight at the slightest touch to avenge her. He was to make Psyche fall in love with a monster.
Edward Burne-Jones
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Cupid enters Psyche's chamber one night, ready with bow in hand. When he sees her and is startled by her beauty, he accidentally nicks himself with his own arrow. Cupid falls in love with Psyche instantly and flees the scene. Venus then instructs an oracle to deliver Psyche to the mountaintop where she will be wed to a hideous monster.

Cupid is now unable to obey his mothers orders, rescues Psyche. She is swept down safely by Zephyrus, the west wind to a magnificent castle. Inside the castle, Psyche had everything she could ever desire with invisible servants and a mysterious host who became her husband. She was instructed to never see the face of her husband who visits and makes love to her in the dark of night.
William Say
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Before long, Psyche grows lonely and asks to have her sisters visit her in the castle. Psyche's jealous sisters demand she discover the identity of her secret husband for he may be the monster the oracle had predicted. With this planted doubt, that night while Cupid was asleep, Psyche holds a candle near him and sees not the face of a monster but that of a handsome god. While in her discovery, a drop of hot wax falls on Cupid and wakes him. He is infuriated at her betrayal and abandons her.
Henrietta Rae
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Psyche is miserable and enters the temple of Venus to attempt atonement. To gain forgiveness, Venus assigns three impossible tasks for Psyche. First, she must sort through great mounds of mixed grains. With the help of ants, she completes her first task. For her second task, she is to retrieve golden fleece from dangerous sheep down by the river. A river god aids Psyche this time by telling her to collect the fleece that have been left behind on the bushes when the sheep leave for shade. Psyche's second task is complete and this angers Venus even more.
John Roddam Spencer Stanhope
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For her third task, she is given a box and commanded to request some beauty from Proserpine, queen of the underworld. Cupid unable to let his love enter the underworld to never return, aids psyche in her last task. He instructs her to pay Charon, the ferryman of the river Styx with a gold coin from her lips so he will not know she is alive. Psyche is careful not to eat or be distracted by anything whilst in the underworld. She receives the beauty from Proserpine within the box and returns to the land of the living successfully. Before returning to Venus, Psyche's curiosity gets the better of her and she decides to open the box and get a little beauty for herself. Once the box is opened, she discovers that there is no beauty in the box; it contains only the sleep of death. Instantly, Psyche falls to the ground. When he sees his love fall, Cupid flew to her side and drew the sleep from her body and places it back into the box.

The lovers asks each other for forgiveness and Cupid pleads to Jupiter, king of the gods to allow Psyche into Olympus. Psyche then drinks a cup of ambrosia and becomes immortal. Soon after, Cupid and Psyche have a daughter named Voluptas meaning 'pleasure'.

There are not many modern retellings available for the story of  Cupid and Psyche and even slimmer pickings for children's picture books. A recommendation for this title is by M. Charlotte Craft and illustrated by Kinuko Y. Craft.

Kinuko Y. Craft
HarperCollins 1996
Hardcover 48p
9" x 11"